Writing Unit Tests in Javascript Using JEST

Jest is a JavaScript testing framework that is focused on simplicity. It allows you to write tests with an accessible, familiar, and feature-rich API that gives you test results quickly.

• It helps to write a fast and safe test case, which runs parallel.
• it can generate code coverage by adding the flag --coverage
• it allows easy mocking of functions and APIs.

Installing 🔌 JEST

Using npm

npm install --save-dev jest

Using yarn

yarn add --dev jest

Writing Simple Test

create a node project using npm

npm init

Folder Structure 🗂

let's put some sample functions to test in index.js

function sum(a, b) {
  console.log("adding values ", a, " ", b);
  return a + b;
}


function diff(a, b) {
  console.log("diff between values ", a, " ", b);
  return a - b;
}


function mul(a, b) {
  console.log("multiplying values ", a, " ", b);
  return a * b;
}


function div(a, b) {
  console.log("dividing values ", a, " ", b);
  return a / b;
}


function mod(a, b) {
  console.log("modulus values ", a, " ", b);
  return a % b;
}

module.exports = {
  sum: sum,
  diff: diff,
  mul: mul,
  div: div,
  mod: mod
};

now, we need to install jest and do the configuration in the package.json file.

Inside the scripts key, we define a jest test logic.

  "scripts": {
    "test": "jest"
  },

Time to write some test, to ensure correct working of our functions. Inside index.test.js import our file.

const cal = require('../index');

writing test 💻 for the sum function

const cal = require('../index');

test('adds 1 + 2 to equal 3', () => {
  expect(cal.sum(1, 2)).toBe(3);
  expect(cal.sum(1, 2)).not.toBe(4);
  expect(cal.sum(1, 2)).toBeGreaterThan(2);
  expect(cal.sum(1, 2)).toBeLessThan(4);
  expect(cal.sum(1, 2)).toBeCloseTo(3);
  // Testing datatype
  expect(typeof cal.sum(1, 2)).toBe("number");
});

Running the test from terminal

npm run test

we run our first test, everything works fine. but the value of a, b is hardcoded, we will use Math.floor(Math.random() * 11) function for generating a and b. For Repeating SetUp we will use the beforeEach hook, Which is used if we have some work we need to do repeatedly for many tests.

beforeEach(() => {
  a = Math.floor(Math.random() * 100);
  b = Math.floor(Math.random() * 100);
});

Complete Testing Code

const cal = require('../index');

let a;
let b;

beforeEach(() => {
  a = Math.floor(Math.random() * 100);
  b = Math.floor(Math.random() * 100);
});


test(" testing sum " + a + " " + b + " function ", () => {
  expect(cal.sum(a, b)).toBe(a + b);
  expect(cal.sum(a, b)).not.toBe(a + b + 1);
  expect(cal.sum(a, b)).toBeGreaterThan(a + b - 1);
  expect(cal.sum(a, b)).toBeLessThan(a + b + 1);
  expect(cal.sum(a, b)).toBeCloseTo(a + b);
  // Testing datatype
  expect(typeof cal.sum(a, b)).toBe("number");
});

test(" testing diff " + a + " " + b + " function ", () => {
  expect(cal.diff(a, b)).toBe(a - b);
  expect(cal.diff(a, b)).not.toBe(a - b + 1);
  expect(cal.diff(a, b)).toBeGreaterThan(a - b - 1);
  expect(cal.diff(a, b)).toBeLessThan(a - b + 1);
  expect(cal.diff(a, b)).toBeCloseTo(a - b);
  // Testing datatype
  expect(typeof cal.diff(a, b)).toBe("number");
});

test(" testing mul " + a + " " + b + " function ", () => {
  expect(cal.mul(a, b)).toBe(a * b);
  expect(cal.mul(a, b)).not.toBe(a * b + 1);
  expect(cal.mul(a, b)).toBeGreaterThan(a * b - 1);
  expect(cal.mul(a, b)).toBeLessThan(a * b + 1);
  expect(cal.mul(a, b)).toBeCloseTo(a * b);
  // Testing datatype
  expect(typeof cal.mul(a, b)).toBe("number");
});


test(" testing div " + a + " " + b + " function ", () => {
  expect(cal.div(a, b)).toBe(a / b);
  expect(cal.div(a, b)).not.toBe(a / b + 1);
  expect(cal.div(a, b)).toBeGreaterThan(a / b - 1);
  expect(cal.div(a, b)).toBeLessThan(a / b + 1);
  expect(cal.div(a, b)).toBeCloseTo(a / b);
  // Testing datatype
  expect(typeof cal.div(a, b)).toBe("number");
});

test(" testing mod " + a + " " + b + " function ", () => {
  expect(cal.mod(a, b)).toBe(a % b);
  expect(cal.mod(a, b)).not.toBe(a % b + 1);
  expect(cal.mod(a, b)).toBeGreaterThan(a % b - 1);
  expect(cal.mod(a, b)).toBeLessThan(a % b + 1);
  expect(cal.mod(a, b)).toBeCloseTo(a % b);
  // Testing datatype
  expect(typeof cal.mod(a, b)).toBe("number");
});